Drive means for vehicles and the like



- Jan. 17, 1939.

c. c. KASKELL DRIVE MEANS FOR VEHICLES AND THE LIKE Filed March 18, 1956I 2' Sheets-Sheet 1 m %%m 2 E r 1 w m a M I w. a? a.

ATTORNEY Jan. 17, 1939. Q c. Q KE L 2,144,538

DRIVE MEANS FOR VEHICLES AND THE LIKE Filed March 18, 1935 2Sheets-Sheet 2 I /& A

. INVENTOR I Cbesler CT/(as/fell Patented Jan. 17, 1939 i. UNITED-[STATEDRIVE MEAN S FOR. VEHICLES AND THE 1 LIKE Chester 0. Kaskell, Toledo,Ohio Application March 18,

11 Claims.

This invention relates to new and useful improvements in a drive meansfor vehicles and the like.

The invention has for an object the construction of'a device asmentioned which is capable v of harnessing the power that may bedeveloped from the dead weight of human bodies when shifted off-center,as in the motion of rocking a chair, so that this power may be utilizedfor driving land, sea, and air vehicles, propellers,

fans, and other susceptible'devices capable of being driven by means ofmuscular efiort. A further object of the invention is to teach variousmethods and means of harnessing the power mentioned in the previousparagraph by shifting the dead weights in different ways, as forexample, in the motionof a see-saw or fulcrum levers,- or shifting'fromright to left, or to and fro, etc. i

Still further the'invention has for an object the construction of aspecific mechanism'for harnessing the power mentioned in the previousparagraphs which is characterized by a liquid fluid turbine for drivingsaidland, sea or air 2 vehicles, propellers, fans, and other devicesconby a pump capable of-circulating said liquid in one direction or in'the other for driving the vehicle or the like inone direction or theother direction, and said pump to be manually operable by a mechanismoperated by the dead weight of human bodies shifted off-center, or in asimilar manner as previously explained. The preferred liquid is oil, butany other similar liquid might be used. I

'For further comprehension of the invention, and of the objects andadvantages thereof, reference will be had to the following descriptionand accompanying drawings, and to the appended'claims in which thevarious novel features of the invention are more particularly set forth.4

In the accompanying drawings forming a material part of thisdisclosure:--

Fig. 1 is a fragmentary side elevational view 0i a device constructedaccording to this invention with a few cables not shown for the sake of'clearness in illustrating other parts.

Fig. 2 is a fragmentary enlarged sectionalview of a portion of thecircuit for the liquid.

Fig. 3 is a sectional view of one of the liquid turbines used in thedevice.

Fig. 4 is a fragmentary plan view looking in the direction of the line4-4 of Fig. 1.

Fig; 5 is a fragmentary sectional view taken on 554 the line 5--5 ofFig. 1.

trolled by a circuit for liquid which is actuated- 1936, Serial No.69,523

Fig. 5 is an enlarged detailed view of a portion of Fig. 5. i

Fig. 6 is a side elevational view of a portion of the device constructedaccording to a modification of the invention.

Fig. '7 is a portion of another device constructed according to anotherembodiment of this invention.

. Fig. 8 is a fragmentary sectional view of a modified form of pumpcapable of being used in the various devices.

Fig; 9 is a sectional view taken on the line 9 of Fig. 8.

Fig. 10is a sectional View taken on the line I0l0 of Fig. 8.

Fig. 11 is a side elevational view of a device constructed according toanother embodiment of this invention. 1

Fig. 12 is a side elevational View of another modified form of deviceembodying the invention. Y

In Figs. 1-5 inclusive a drive means for vehicles and the like has beenillustrated and it includes fluid turbines 0 for driving a vehicle H;a'circuit for the fluid for said turbines, a pump I2 for circulatingsaid fluid in one direction or the other for driving the vehicle or thelike in one direction or the other, and a manually operable rockermechanism including a chair l3 for operating said pump.

' The chair I3 is pivotally supported on standards M mounted on thevehicle I l. Several ar'ms ISproject from a shaft It to which lugs H areattached. These arms are fixedly attached to the shaft. These lugs arefixedly mounted on the bottom of the chair I3. At the ends of the armsHi there are arcuate racks it which mesh with gears I9 fixed on shafts19 rotatively supported inbrackets' 22 on the bottom of the chair l3 andalso provided with gears 20. The gears 20 mesh with gears 2| rotativelysupported on brackets 22 mounted on the bottom of the chair I3. Radialarms 23 are rigidly attached upon the sides of the gears 2! by means ofpins 23 which engage through'tlie gear 2! and the arms 23', and areadapted to move through small angu lar distances when the chair It isrocked. These arms 23 are formed with elongated slots 24 in which pins25 engage. These pins are mounted upon piston rods 25 connected withpistons 29 working in cylinders 12. Thus far the arrangement is'suchthat when the chair I3 is rocked the pistons 29 will be moved up ordown in the cylinders.

The extremities of each of the cylinders are connected by a pipe line 30and branch pipes 3|, which connect with the turbines E0. The branch'pipes 3| connect with the pipes 38, as clearly shown in the enlargedFig. 2. The passage of liquid, preferably oil, through these pipes iscontrolled by valves. These valves are adapted to operate in pairs so asto allow the liquid to cir- V culate continuously in one direction orthe other during the reciprocation of the pistons in the cylinders. Thisis accomplished by a pair of Valves 32 and 33 operating in unison.

The valve 32 is within a cage 34 and is adapted to engage the valve seat35. The valve 33 is'in the cage 36 and is adapted to' engage the valveseat 31. When these valves are free the liquid will pass through thelower pipe 3| for each forward stroke of the piston and return throughextremity 4| of a hand lever 4| which is pivotally mountedintermediately at M A point 4| on the opposite side of the pivot 4| isconnected by rods 42v with bell'cranks 43. operating dampers controllingvalves 45 and 46. The valve 45 is within a cage and capable of engagingagainst the seat 37. The valve 45 is also within a cage and capable ofengaging against the seat 35. When the valves 32 and 33 are inoperativeand the valves 45 and 46 operative, the fluid flows in the otherdirection because upon-the down stroke of the piston the valve 45 isurged closed, and the valve 46 is opened. The rods 42 are passed throughopenings in the hand lever 4| and then bent over and fastened to themain section thereof by welding or similar means.

In Fig. 3 a portion of the turbine is illustrated.

This turbine is shown to comprise a turbine cas ing 50 in which there isa rotor 5| having buckets 52. Nozzles 3| are directed against thebuckets.

The turbine is always filled with liquid, but when this liquidmoves inone direction the'rotor will turn one way, and when the liquid movesin'the other direction the rotor will turn the other way.

These buckets 52 consist of openingsjformedin.

the face of the rotor 5| against which the liquid acts to move the rotorwhich in turn rotates the axle 53 upon which it is fixedly attached. Therotor 5| is attached on a shaft 53 upon which the wheels of the vehicleare mounted.

The lever 4| is held stationary in desired positions by a rod 54 urgeddownwards by a spring 55, against an arcuate stationary bracket 56. Therod 54 may be released by a handle 54'.

a The circuits for the liquid are controlled by foot-operated valves 51and 58. The stemsv 59 of these valves are connected with-a bridge piece59 upon the top of which there is a foot pedal 58. When this foot pedalis depressed the valves are closed and the circuit for the liquid isshut off. Thus, the valves 5'! and 58 act as a brake for the vehicle. Aspring 6| acts between the line 3| and the bridge piece 59 to normallyurge the valves 5'! and 58 back to their normal positions. r

The operation of the device is'as followsr'A person sitting on the seatIn may rock back and forth to propel the vehicle. The rocking action oithe chair l3 will be transmitted to operate the If it is desired tochange;

pistons 29, which in turn will cause the circulation of the liquidthrough the turbines. The setting of the valves determines in whichdirection the vehicle will travel. The direction may be reversed by aproper manipulation of the lever. 4|.

In Fig. 6 a single cylinder 6| is shown mounted on the vehicle. 62. Apiston 63 within this cylinder is operated by a pair of arcuate rods 64which move about a pivot point 35. Thispivot point is located on thestandards 56. A rocking chair 6'! is also pivoted on the pivot point 65.In other respects this form of the device is identical to ,the previousform. In illustrating the device,

various parts have been omitted; that is, the turbines on the wheels,and the circuit for the liquid from the cylinder 6| to the turbines.

' In Fig. 7 another embodiment of the invention is disclosed which isvery similar to the form shown in Fig. 6, except for the fact that thechair 67' is supported upon an auxiliary shaft and a toothed segment 69is attached upon the chair 61' and moves about the pivot 65' and mesheswith another toothed segment 18 which is pivoted on the pivot 65 on thestandard 66 .The

toothed segment 10 supports several rods 64 which are connected witharcuate arms 64 in turn connected with the piston 53 withinthe cyl-"inder 6|. In other respects this form of the invention is identical tothe previous forms.

In Figs. 8-10 inclusive a modified form of pump forjcirculating theliquid fluid is disclosed. This pump consists of a casing 10 havingcrossed cyl'-' inders, in each of which, there is a pair of doubleactingpistons H and N The pistons in one of the cylinders are mounted upon arod 12 which engages throughan eye portion 13' of a rod 13 connectingthe other pair of pistons. .The arrangement is suchthat thepistonsin'each of the crossed cylinders maymove independently of eachother. The pistons are operated by mechanism connected with the of therods 12 and 13.

Circulating pipes 14 are connected with" the it will not be given inthis specification since it 1 would merely be .a repetition of'parts'previously described.

In Fig. 11 another embodiment'of theinvention is'disclosed in which avehicle 16 is shown adapted to be driven by fluid turbines 11 connectedwith thewheels thereof and operated by a fluid circuit 18 connected withthe ends of a cylinder 19. A piston within the cylinder is operated byarcuate rods 8| pivoting about the fulcrum 82 ofa board 83 which acts asa see-saw. Persons, indicated by the dot and dash lines, may sit uponthe ends of the board. Handles 85 are provided on this device by whichthe operators may hold themselves in position on the fulcrum 82.Thefront handle 85 might be attached to a steering device which is notshown as it forms no part of this invention. Springs 86 and 81 normallytend to hold the'board 83' in a horizontal neutral position. Auxiliarypistons 88 are arranged upon the vehicleimmediately below the ends oftheboards 83 and are operated by piston rods 89. These auxiliary pistons88 act as dash pots to prevent a jerky move ment'when ones bodyisshifted on the flucrum.

extended ends In Fig. 12 another modified form of the invention isdisclosed in which a vehicle 90 is'shown wheels. thereof. Theseturbines. are connected,

with circuits 92. which connect with an arcuate cylinder 93., Withinthis cylinder there is'a pistorrll lloperated by rods: 95. connectedwith a chair 96 which is pivotally mounted at the point 91 upon a,standard 98. In; other respects this form otthe invention is. identicalto the previous forms.

While Iv have illustrated and described the preferred embodiments of myinvention, it is to be understood that I. do not limit myself to theprecise constructions hereindisclosed and the right is reserved to allchanges and modifications coming within the scope of the invention asde-.v

"'1; comprising a movable-member adapted-to move to and'fr'o-when onesWeight is continually resting thereon and shifted; a turbine for drivingsaid vehicle and said member operating said turbine, and a brake forarresting the flow of fiuid through the turbine.

3. A drive means'for vehicles and the like,

comprising a movable member adapted to move to and fro when ones Weightis continually resting thereon and shifted; a turbine for driving saidvehicle and said member operating said turbine, and a means for changingthe direction of the fiow of fluid through the turbine.

4. A drive means for vehicles and the like, comprising a turbine fordriving said vehicle and a manually operable rocker, see-saw, or similardevice for operating said turbine, and a gear system interposed betweensaid turbine and said manual means for changing the driving ratio.

5. Drive means, for vehicles and the like, comprising a liquid fluidturbine for driving said vehicle and the like, a circuit for saidliquid, a

pump for circulating said liquid in one direction charging from theoutlet, a closed circuit connecting the outlet and inletior the passageof said liquid, a pump associated with said closed circuit for forcingsaid liquid therein continuously in one direction, and means formanually operating said pump by shifting ones weight.

'7. A drive means for vehicles and the like, comprising a prime moverconnected to drive said vehicle and the like and having an inlet andoutlet and adapted to be operated by a noncompressible liquid enteringsaid inlet and discharging from the outlet, a closed circuit connectingthe outlet and inlet for the passage of said liquid, a pump associatedwith said closed circuit for forcing said liquid therein continuously inone direction, and means for manually operating said pump by shiftingones weight,

said pump including, a cylinder mounted: on. the body of said vehicle, amanually operatable, pise ton for forcing said liquid through saidclosed circuit tov controlthe movement of said liquid.

8'. A drive means for vehicles and the like, comprising a prime moverconnected to drive said vehicle and the like and having an inlet andoutlet and adapted to be operated by a noncompressible liquid enteringsaid inlet and discharging from the outlet, a closed circuit con nectingthe outlet and inlet for the passage of said liquid, a pump associatedwith said closed circuit for forcing said liquid therein continuously inone direction, and means for manually operating said pump by shiftingones Weight, said closed circuit including, a pipe line includ-vingbranch pipes and connecting the pump with the prime mover, a one-wayvalve at the junction of said pipeand said branch pipes for controllingthe movement of said vehicle in one direction, a second one way valve atthe junction of the said pipe and said branch pipes for controlling themovement of said vehicle in the other direction.

comprising a prime mover connected to drive said vehicle and the likeand having an inlet and outlet and adapted to be operated by anonco-mpressible liquid entering said inlet and discharging from theoutlet, a closed'circuit con- I- necting the outlet and inlet for thepassage oi said liquid, a pump associated with said closed circuit forforcing said liquid therein continuously in one direction, and means formanually operating said pump by shifting ones Weight, said a.

closed circuit including, a pipe line including branch pipes andconnecting the pump with the prime mover, a one way valve at thejunction of said pipe and said branch pipes for controlling the movementof said vehicle in one direction, a second one way valve at the junctionof the said pipe and said branch pipes for controlling the movement ofsaid vehicle in the other direction, each of said valves comprising, avalve seat at the opening of said branch pipes, a cage at either side ofsaid valve seat, balls between said valve seat and said cage and adaptedto engage or disengage said valve seats, a meansfor rendering said oneway valve operative while said second one Way valve is inoperative andvice versa to control the movement of said vehicle.

10. A drive means for vehicles and the like, comprising a prime moverconnected to drive said vehicle and the like and having an inlet andoutlet and adapted to be operated by a noncompressible liquid enteringsaid inlet and dis charging from the outlet, a closed circuit connectingthe outlet and inlet for the passage of said liquid, a pump associatedwith said closed circuit for forcing said liquid therein continuously inone direction, and means for manually operating said pump by shiftingones weight, said closed circuit including a pipe line including branchpipes and connecting the pump with the prime mover, a one way valve atthe junction of said pipe and said branch pipes for controlling themovement of said vehicle in one direction, a second one way valve at thejunction of the said pipe and said branch pipes for controlling themovement of said vehicle in the other direction, each of said valvescomprising, a valve seat at the opening of said branch pipes, a cage ateither side of said valve seat, balls between said valve seat and saidcage and adapted to engage or disengage said valve seats, a means for 9.A vd'rivemeans for vehicles and the like, A

rendering said one way valve operative while said second one way valveis inoperative and vice versa to control the movement of said vehicle,saidmeans including, dampers adapted to engagesaid balls of the one wayValve or the second one way valve, and a means for operating saiddampers.

11. A drive means for vehicle and the like, comprising a prime moverconnected to drive said vehicle and the like andhaving an inlet andoutlet and adapted to be operated by a non-compressible liquid enteringsaid inlet and discharging from the outlet, a closed circuit connectingV the outlet and inlet for the passage of said liquid, a pump associatedwith said closed circuit for, forcing said liquid therein continuouslyin one direction, and means for manually operating said pump by shiftingones weight, said closed circuit including a pipe lineincluding branchpipes and connecting the pump with the prime mover, a one way valve atthe'junction of said pipe and said branch pipes for controlling themovement of said vehicle in one direction, a second one way valve at thejunctionof the said pipe and said branch pipes for controlling themovement of said vehicle in the other direction,

prising, pivotally'mounted'bell cranks having-one end connected to saiddampers, a hand lever pivotally mounted intermediate'of its ends uponthe frame of said vehicle, rods connecting said bell cranks whichoperate said one way valve with the lower extremity of the hand lever toopen said one way valve when the handle is moved forwa'rd and thus allowthe vehicle to move in. one direction, a secondset of rods connectingsaid bell cranks which operate said second one way valve dle is movedbackward and thusallow the vehicle to move in'the other direction.

CHESTER c. KASKELL.

V with the hand lever just above the pivoting point a to open saidsecond one way valve when thehan-

